Water treatment chemicals (WTCs) are important raw materials during the drinking water production process. Occasionally unqualified WTCs with heavy metals were provided to Water Treatment Plant（WTP） by supplier during emergency situation，such as earthquake, typhoon and city block for epidemic disease, just because it cannot obtain the qualified WTCs. The harmful heavy metals in WTCs may expose a certain health risk to the quality of drinking water. In this paper, the influence of heavy metals in WTCs on the quality of drinking water was explored and the feasible management measures are proposed, taking the ILha Verda Water Plant (IVP) in Macao as an example. The study was based on the testing results of heavy metals in WTCs and treated water from 2017 to 2022 in IVP. A series of mathematical models were established to evaluate the content of heavy metals in water brought by WTCs. The removal rates of the water treatment process to the heavy metals were calculated at same time. The maximum allowable concentrations of heavy metals in WTCs were calculated and accessed. The results show that the drinking water is safety if the heavy metals in unqualified WTCs are under the maximum allowable concentrations. Then it is proposed for the classification of WTCs and risk management. The study will provide theoretical and technical support for water quality safety supervision and water supply management.
| Published in | American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 13, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11 |
| Page(s) | 30-39 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Water Treatment Chemicals, PACL, Arsenic, Drinking Water Quality, Risk Management
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APA Style
Zhi-Xuan, L., She-Xia, Z., Tin-Ian, K., Qian-Ning, Z., Chi-Tou, L. (2024). Influences of Heavy Metals in Water Treatment Chemicals on Drinking Water Quality and Risk Management . American Journal of Environmental Protection, 13(2), 30-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11
ACS Style
Zhi-Xuan, L.; She-Xia, Z.; Tin-Ian, K.; Qian-Ning, Z.; Chi-Tou, L. Influences of Heavy Metals in Water Treatment Chemicals on Drinking Water Quality and Risk Management . Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2024, 13(2), 30-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11
AMA Style
Zhi-Xuan L, She-Xia Z, Tin-Ian K, Qian-Ning Z, Chi-Tou L. Influences of Heavy Metals in Water Treatment Chemicals on Drinking Water Quality and Risk Management . Am J Environ Prot. 2024;13(2):30-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11,
author = {Li Zhi-Xuan and Zhan She-Xia and Kou Tin-Ian and Zhao Qian-Ning and Lei Chi-Tou},
title = {Influences of Heavy Metals in Water Treatment Chemicals on Drinking Water Quality and Risk Management
},
journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {30-39},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20241302.11},
abstract = {Water treatment chemicals (WTCs) are important raw materials during the drinking water production process. Occasionally unqualified WTCs with heavy metals were provided to Water Treatment Plant（WTP） by supplier during emergency situation，such as earthquake, typhoon and city block for epidemic disease, just because it cannot obtain the qualified WTCs. The harmful heavy metals in WTCs may expose a certain health risk to the quality of drinking water. In this paper, the influence of heavy metals in WTCs on the quality of drinking water was explored and the feasible management measures are proposed, taking the ILha Verda Water Plant (IVP) in Macao as an example. The study was based on the testing results of heavy metals in WTCs and treated water from 2017 to 2022 in IVP. A series of mathematical models were established to evaluate the content of heavy metals in water brought by WTCs. The removal rates of the water treatment process to the heavy metals were calculated at same time. The maximum allowable concentrations of heavy metals in WTCs were calculated and accessed. The results show that the drinking water is safety if the heavy metals in unqualified WTCs are under the maximum allowable concentrations. Then it is proposed for the classification of WTCs and risk management. The study will provide theoretical and technical support for water quality safety supervision and water supply management.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Influences of Heavy Metals in Water Treatment Chemicals on Drinking Water Quality and Risk Management AU - Li Zhi-Xuan AU - Zhan She-Xia AU - Kou Tin-Ian AU - Zhao Qian-Ning AU - Lei Chi-Tou Y1 - 2024/04/02 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection SP - 30 EP - 39 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5699 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241302.11 AB - Water treatment chemicals (WTCs) are important raw materials during the drinking water production process. Occasionally unqualified WTCs with heavy metals were provided to Water Treatment Plant（WTP） by supplier during emergency situation，such as earthquake, typhoon and city block for epidemic disease, just because it cannot obtain the qualified WTCs. The harmful heavy metals in WTCs may expose a certain health risk to the quality of drinking water. In this paper, the influence of heavy metals in WTCs on the quality of drinking water was explored and the feasible management measures are proposed, taking the ILha Verda Water Plant (IVP) in Macao as an example. The study was based on the testing results of heavy metals in WTCs and treated water from 2017 to 2022 in IVP. A series of mathematical models were established to evaluate the content of heavy metals in water brought by WTCs. The removal rates of the water treatment process to the heavy metals were calculated at same time. The maximum allowable concentrations of heavy metals in WTCs were calculated and accessed. The results show that the drinking water is safety if the heavy metals in unqualified WTCs are under the maximum allowable concentrations. Then it is proposed for the classification of WTCs and risk management. The study will provide theoretical and technical support for water quality safety supervision and water supply management. VL - 13 IS - 2 ER -
Lab and Research Centre, Macao Water Supply Company Limited, Macau, China
Institute of Chinese Medicine Science, University of Macau, Macau, China
