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Research Article
Solid Waste Management Application and Its Dilemma in Kano Metropolis-Nigeria
Saleh Muhammad
,
Azizan Marzuki*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
108-121
Received:
30 May 2024
Accepted:
8 July 2024
Published:
20 September 2024
Abstract: Rapid urbanization and population growth with its associated Solid Waste Management issues are at the moment the front burner challenges of the 21st century, more especially in developing countries of the world of which Nigeria is inclusive. However, the majority of past research in Solid Waste Management has mostly concentrated on the institutional capability and resources required to handle the problems associated with solid waste management, with little attention paid to the attitudes of city inhabitants. Therefore, this research article examines the trends and applications of solid waste management (SWM) in the rapidly urbanizing Kano Metropolis, looks at how the attitudes of city dwellers have contributed to the problem of SWM, and then goes on to review new applications that have been used to manage solid waste in the study area. The study report, which draws on secondary and empirical data sources, finds that just 20.5 tons of the 330 tons of solid waste produced every day are properly managed. The results therefore imply that two factors—bad attitudes of city inhabitants and insufficient institutional capacity—influence the city's poor SWM. While these urban citizens' negative views towards solid waste management (SWM) have contributed to the current indiscriminate garbage disposal, weak institutions have also made it difficult to handle solid waste concerns in the city and prevented timely solutions. In order to ensure effective solid waste management in the Kano Metropolis of Nigeria, the research article now suggests public awareness education programs on solid waste management, public-private partnerships, increased stakeholder engagement, and the creation and implementation of new solid waste management plans.
Abstract: Rapid urbanization and population growth with its associated Solid Waste Management issues are at the moment the front burner challenges of the 21st century, more especially in developing countries of the world of which Nigeria is inclusive. However, the majority of past research in Solid Waste Management has mostly concentrated on the institutiona...
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Research Article
Evaluation and Determination of the Physical Properties of Gasoline and the Presence of Fine Particles in the Ten Districts of the City of N'djamena
Haroun Ali Adannou*,
Podo Mahamat Matar,
Tchang Banda Constantin,
Achta Hamid Saleh,
Simon Ngos III
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
122-137
Received:
3 September 2024
Accepted:
21 September 2024
Published:
30 September 2024
Abstract: The context, which allowed to write this article is the fact that we have noticed an increase in the environmental impact caused by the poor management of car parks and fuel sellers as well as the proliferation of service stations that do not respect any standards. The illegal storage and marketing of petroleum products, especially gasoline, in the city of N'Djamena is the main factor of vulnerability and criticality of air pollutants, thus demonstrating the growing environmental impact in the city of N'Djamena. The presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as that of fine particles which are part of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and characterize by their toxicities, their persistence in the environment, their bioaccumulation in living tissues, and their long-distance transport. Thus, the main objective of this work is to determine and evaluate the physical properties of gasoline and the presence of fine particles in the ten districts of the city of N'Djamena. These are the species sold on the street and presenting a danger to users. The main idea would be to look for gas stations and points of sale that comply with the regulations in force and those that do not. Then physical analyses were carried out on different types of gasoline consumed and then the air quality was measured with a Purple Air sensor. In conclusion, a complete structure of the ten districts with their degrees of pollution as well as the number of gas stations and fuel sellers on the street will be listed.
Abstract: The context, which allowed to write this article is the fact that we have noticed an increase in the environmental impact caused by the poor management of car parks and fuel sellers as well as the proliferation of service stations that do not respect any standards. The illegal storage and marketing of petroleum products, especially gasoline, in the...
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Research Article
Adsorption of Chromium (VI) and Lead (II) in Synthetic Solutions Using Tamarindus Indica Fruit Peel
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
138-146
Received:
23 May 2024
Accepted:
2 July 2024
Published:
10 October 2024
Abstract: The problem of water pollution persists and, in some cases, has been getting worse since many of the industries that are currently installed in developing countries do not comply with established standards. In order to reduce water pollution, various environmental standards have been established that aim to regulate the introduction of contaminating agents into water and, thereby, control the degree of alteration of the quality of the vital liquid. Adsorption allows minimizing the generation of toxic waste and the recovery of the metal. The objective of the work was to study the bioadsorption of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) using the dry peel of Tamarindus indica. We worked at different pH values and concentration levels. The determination of the chemical-physical parameters was carried out at the Empress Geominera Oriente. Adsorption isotherms were performed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models, resulting in the maximum bioadsorption capacity of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) by biomass being 3.83 and 15.63 mg/g, respectively. reaching maximum removal percentages of 90.8%. The values of mean free energy of adsorption obtained from the Dubinin-Radushkevich model in Cr (VI) and Pb (II) were 10,000 kJ/mol, respectively, showing that, for these experimental conditions, the adsorption process is of a chemical nature.
Abstract: The problem of water pollution persists and, in some cases, has been getting worse since many of the industries that are currently installed in developing countries do not comply with established standards. In order to reduce water pollution, various environmental standards have been established that aim to regulate the introduction of contaminatin...
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Research Article
Spatial Distribution Analysis of Groundwater Quality Parameters in the East Region of Burkina Faso Using GIS Techniques
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
147-161
Received:
16 September 2024
Accepted:
5 October 2024
Published:
31 October 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajep.20241305.14
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Abstract: Groundwater quality assessment is critical for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG-6), which aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. In Burkina Faso, groundwater is a vital natural resource supporting socio-economic development, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where water scarcity and quality are significant challenges. Climatic conditions in the country made of a long, hot and dry season followed by a short rainy period, result in considerable variability in water availability. Rapid population growth exacerbates these challenges by increasing water demand in both urban and rural areas; therefore, putting additional pressure on the already limited water resources. Moreover, the expansion of mining and agricultural activities further stresses these resources with contaminations from use of hazardous substances and over-extraction. The use of fertilizers and pesticides contributes to pollution, posing serious risks to human health and local ecosystems. Given the strategic importance of groundwater for Burkina Faso development amidst these growing challenges, a comprehensive understanding of groundwater quality is essential. This study focuses on the Eastern Region of Burkina Faso and aims to analyze the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters related to groundwater quality in order to support sustainable water resource management and public health initiatives. Water samples from 42 sites were collected and analyzed for parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and nitrate. The data were processed using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method in ArcGIS 10.8 to produce spatial maps of these parameters. A Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated to classify groundwater quality as "Excellent" (WQI < 50), "Good" (50 ≤ WQI ≤ 100), or "Poor" (WQI > 100). The results revealed significant spatial variability in groundwater quality with concentrations sometimes exceeding WHO-standards. Specifically, 38.10% of the analyzed samples exceeded the standard for nitrates while 28.57% of the samples show turbidity above recommended thresholds. TDS levels vary considerably, reaching maximum values of 1,336 mg/L and electrical conductivity values reached 1,336 µS/cm. These results demonstrate marked heterogeneity in water quality parameters across the region. The generated maps could serve as valuable tool for decision-makers to enable identification of areas requiring particular attention for groundwater quality management.
Abstract: Groundwater quality assessment is critical for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG-6), which aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. In Burkina Faso, groundwater is a vital natural resource supporting socio-economic development, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where water scar...
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Research Article
Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Pollution Indices and Human Health Risks Through Exposure to Trace Elements in the City of Kara, Togo
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2024
Pages:
163-174
Received:
18 September 2024
Accepted:
20 October 2024
Published:
31 October 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajep.20241305.15
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Abstract: This study assesses the concentrations of trace elements in groundwater from Kara, focusing on their implications for water quality and health risks. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed during the dry and post-monsoon seasons for pH, TDS, and trace metals using standard methods and for calculating pollution indices and noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Groundwater was found to be fresh but more acidic during the dry season. Only As, Pb, Sb, Fe, and Mn exceeded acceptable limits in some samples, highlighting potential health risks. Based on the heavy metal pollution index, groundwater is unsuitable for domestic purposes for 16.67% and 4.17% of samples in dry and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. According to the degree of contamination, 37.5% in the dry season and 20.8% in post-monsoon fell in high pollution classes. Most samples presented a hazard index above the unity for the resident children and adults. Carcinogenic risk assessment scores exceeded 10 to 100-fold higher than the safe point of 10-6. Adequate access to treated and safe drinking water and regular monitoring are essential to mitigate these risks in the Kara region.
Abstract: This study assesses the concentrations of trace elements in groundwater from Kara, focusing on their implications for water quality and health risks. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed during the dry and post-monsoon seasons for pH, TDS, and trace metals using standard methods and for calculating pollution indices and noncarcinogenic a...
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