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The Potential Role of Biodiversity Conservation in Climate Change Mitigation: A Review
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
14-18
Received:
17 February 2022
Accepted:
10 March 2022
Published:
8 April 2022
Abstract: This review paper aims to compile relevant information on the potential of biodiversity conservation in climate change mitigation. The global climate change is the result of the concentration of greenhouse gases: dominantly of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emitted into the atmosphere. The root causes for these emissions are the natural phenomenon and human-induced activity in which high pressure poses on the environment from human-driven. Evidence from previous study indicates that biodiversity components are widely influenced under climate change and at the same time, the conservation of biodiversity potentially mitigates the effect of the global climate change. As a result, there is a beneficial and adverse effect type of co-existence of two ecological components (i.e. the living and non-living) in this interaction. Biodiversity has the potential to mitigate climate change as they reduce and stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Thus, in such mitigation process, Forestry and Agricultural practices contribute a lion's share based on their potential to absorb and store carbon from the atmosphere, reduce deforestation and biodiversity degradation, and provide bio-energy products that substitute for fossil energy. Therefore, the global community should be needed to done in collaboration on biodiversity conservation to improve climate change mitigation potential of biological diversity.
Abstract: This review paper aims to compile relevant information on the potential of biodiversity conservation in climate change mitigation. The global climate change is the result of the concentration of greenhouse gases: dominantly of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emitted into the atmosphere. The root causes for these emissions are the natural ...
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Air and Non-Air Ecosystem Services of Urban Trees in Ekiti State, South West, Nigeria
Olusola Johnson Adedeji,
Agbelade Daniel Aladesanmi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
19-27
Received:
24 February 2022
Accepted:
15 March 2022
Published:
9 April 2022
Abstract: Air and non air quality benefits of urban trees cannot be overemphasized. Trees as important components of the ecosystem play important roles in tangible and intangible benefits that urban forests provides for the society. These benefits are based on the ability of urban trees in intercepting the flow of urban storm water, increasing property value, decreasing energy by improved cooling, mitigating air pollution by eliminating contaminants or preventing secondary pollutants, and sequestration of carbon dioxide. This study was carried out to estimate annual ecosystem system benefits of five urban trees, Sandbox (Hura crespitans), Eucalyptus spp (Eucalyptus camadunlensis), Pine (Pinus caribea), Mango (Mangifera indica) and Lipstick tree (Bixa orellana (in Ado Ekiti, South West, Nigeria, using the i-tree, National Tree Benefits Calculator developed by the United States department of Forestry. The benefits from the study carried out includes gaseous pollutants removal ($1.2 million), property value J ($187,055), storm-water control (33,413m3/yr) and carbon sequestration potential (546t/CO2). Mature trees had more economic and environmental benefits than young and growing tree. Mango (mangifera indica) had the highest benefits, this is due to its large surface area, large canopy and its size. This study recommends planting of more urban trees in Ado Ekiti. An understanding of air and non air quality ecosystem services provided by urban trees will help Government in greening of cities as trees provides support to human health, improve economic and environmental benefits and also assist in the process of landscaping which gives beauty to the environment.
Abstract: Air and non air quality benefits of urban trees cannot be overemphasized. Trees as important components of the ecosystem play important roles in tangible and intangible benefits that urban forests provides for the society. These benefits are based on the ability of urban trees in intercepting the flow of urban storm water, increasing property value...
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Current Population Status of Asian Elephant in Keonjhar Wildlife Division, Odisha
Sandeep Ranjan Mishra,
Harish Kumar Bisht
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
28-31
Received:
6 February 2022
Accepted:
9 March 2022
Published:
14 April 2022
Abstract: The Population of Wild elephants (Elephas maximus) is declining worldwide; therefore understanding the dynamics of the remaining population is critical for effective conservation. We monitored the population and distribution of elephants in Keonjhar wildlife division during 2015 and 2017. The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is facing a severe threat to its survival from large scale habitat losing and degradation, negative interaction between human and elephant and poaching across its range. India holds by far the largest number of wild Asian elephants, estimate as about 60% population of the species. Elephas maximus is placed in schedule 1 and part 1 of Indian wildlife protection Act (1972) conferring the highest level of protection. Most of the sightings were recorded near water bodies, foot paths & salt licks. During census period 2017 total 49 elephants were sighted out of which 25 were in Hadgarh, 15 in Deogaon, 9 in Brahmanipal Range. Simillarly in 2015 total 51 elephants were counts out of which 25 were in hadgarh, 16 in Dogaon, 9 in Brahmanipal Range It was found that in 2017 population of adult cow was high (43%) followed by calf (21%), adult bull (16%), sub adult cow (6%) and juvenile (4%). Simillarly in 2015 population of adult cow was high (33.33%) followed by sub-adult cow (19.60%), calf (17.64%), adult bull (13.72%), sub-adult bull (11.76%), adult/sub-adult U/K (1.96%) and juvenile (1.96%).
Abstract: The Population of Wild elephants (Elephas maximus) is declining worldwide; therefore understanding the dynamics of the remaining population is critical for effective conservation. We monitored the population and distribution of elephants in Keonjhar wildlife division during 2015 and 2017. The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is facing a severe thre...
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Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty from Pour Plate Method in Bacterial Enumeration in Water
Zhi Xuan Li,
Wei Ma,
Yi Jun Kong,
Sin Neng Chio,
Chang Li Zhang,
Chi Tou Lei,
She Xia Zhan
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
32-38
Received:
23 March 2022
Accepted:
8 April 2022
Published:
25 April 2022
Abstract: The evaluation of measurement uncertainty (MU) is an important method for quantitative determinations derived by microbial cultivation, thus it could further improve the result accuracy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the MU in total bacteria counts (TBC) in water. Experiments were carried out using Pour Plate Method. The bottom-up approach was used to access the MU of TBC and different mathematical models were set up based on microbial growth principles and test process. Two geometric and five non-geometric progression factors derived from fishbone diagram were selected in these models, especially considering the influence of the bacteria binary fission. The results showed that the calculated value of expanded uncertainty was between 82 and 120CFU/mL when the test result was 100CFU/mL with the 95% confidence level. The geometric progression factor had a greater impact on MU evaluation with almost 80% of contribution, whilst non-geometric progression factor dedicated 60%. Experimental procedures such as sample repeatability, reproducibility and inoculation time should be drawn more attention, thus the accuracy of results could be improved. These innovative models not only reasonable and reliable, but also easy to use. The achievements of this study illustrated that the MU evaluation method could also be applied for analyzing other microbial indicators in water.
Abstract: The evaluation of measurement uncertainty (MU) is an important method for quantitative determinations derived by microbial cultivation, thus it could further improve the result accuracy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the MU in total bacteria counts (TBC) in water. Experiments were carried out using Pour Plate Method. The bottom-up approach wa...
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An Evaluation of the CLTS Implementation Process from the Beneficiary Perspective: A Cross-sectional Study from the Bole District of the Savannah Region, Ghana
Jonathan Kumah Nanyim,
Collins Gbeti,
Abdulai Abubakari,
Abdul Rahaman Issahaku,
Abukari Wumbei
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
39-46
Received:
1 April 2022
Accepted:
20 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
Abstract: CLTS is by far the most widely implemented rural-based sanitation intervention across lower middle-income countries worldwide. Today, within the National Environmental Sanitation policy (NESP), CLTS has been acknowledged as the preferred approach to scale-up rural sanitation and hygiene in Ghana. The approach focuses on igniting a change in sanitation behaviour rather than constructing toilets. This research was intended to evaluate the CLTS implementation process from the beneficiary perspective in Bole District. The cross-sectional study employed the mixed method approach using questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in collecting data from a sample of 137 households from 20 communities. In addition, 2 Environmental Health Officers, 10 Natural Leaders and 1 management team member of Bole District Assembly were also interviewed. The qualitative data were manually analyzed using thematic content analysis and the quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22.0. The findings of the study revealed high level of knowledge about the CLTS concept among the participants (66.3%). The study further revealed that the entire CLTS implementation process within the district was largely in line with established CLTS implementation processes and procedures. However, specific activities such as enactment of community regulations, children and local authority involvements in the implementation process was either not carried out or was poorly done. In terms of the general impression of the participants about the CLTS implementation process, majority of the respondents rated the process as below standard. The study recommends the development and enforcement of a comprehensive CLTS implementation framework by the government.
Abstract: CLTS is by far the most widely implemented rural-based sanitation intervention across lower middle-income countries worldwide. Today, within the National Environmental Sanitation policy (NESP), CLTS has been acknowledged as the preferred approach to scale-up rural sanitation and hygiene in Ghana. The approach focuses on igniting a change in sanitat...
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