Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Rate in the Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
1-5
Received:
4 February 2022
Accepted:
1 March 2022
Published:
9 March 2022
Abstract: Substantial runoff is a feature of the Ethiopian Nile River Basin because its soils are erodible and poorly organized, resulting in high soil loss and sedimentation rates. The rate of soil erosion and sedimentation in the basin was reported to be quite variable, which could be owing to the methodology utilized and data quality used. By reviewing recent studies, this review primarily aimed to give information on the range of soil erosion and sedimentation rates. Recent studies at small watersheds and basin levels were reviewed. Soil loss and sedimentation rates in Ethiopia's Blue Nile River Basin ranged from 16 to 67.37ton ha-1 year-1 and 4.2 to 18ton ha-1 year-1, respectively. Similarly, at watersheds level soil loss and sedimentation rates were reported to range from 8.25 to 100ton ha-1 year-1 and 1.1 to 43.34ton ha-1 year-1 respectively. Hence it is concluded that high soil erosion and sedimentation rates are serious problems in the basin. So, appropriate soil and water conservation measures are recommended throughout the basin to reduce both on-site and off-site effects of soil erosion. It is also highly advised to utilize uniform techniques and a common data source for soil erosion and sedimentation rates estimation at different levels.
Abstract: Substantial runoff is a feature of the Ethiopian Nile River Basin because its soils are erodible and poorly organized, resulting in high soil loss and sedimentation rates. The rate of soil erosion and sedimentation in the basin was reported to be quite variable, which could be owing to the methodology utilized and data quality used. By reviewing re...
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Study of Cyanide Contamination of Market Garden and Agricultural Products Grown Around the Samira Gold Mine (Niger)
Hassane Adamou Hassane,
Abdoulkadri Ayouba Mahamane,
Rabani Adamou
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
6-13
Received:
14 February 2022
Accepted:
9 March 2022
Published:
15 March 2022
Abstract: The term cyanide refers to all the compounds producing the ─C≡N group. It comes from both anthropogenic and natural origins. Its presence in the environment is largely related to gold mining. Cyanide is very scary because of its toxicity causing very deadly environmental consequences. The objective of this work is to study the fate of cyanide and assess its contamination on the environment in the vicinity of a potential source of pollution such as a gold mine. In this study, soils and foods samples from the Samira gold mine and its surroundings in southwestern Niger were collected, analysed and compared with equivalent control samples grown in areas free of any industrial cyanide source. Total cyanide contents in the soils of the Samira site and its surroundings are 2 to 104 times higher than the Canadian standard (0.90 µg g-1 CN-) for agricultural soils, while the control soils are almost free of cyanide. These results show a migration of cyanide from the mine tailings to the surrounding area and these soils are unsuitable for any crop. The produced foods on these polluted soils have total cyanide contents 2 to 5 times higher than their controls. These contaminated matrices reveal negative impacts of the Samira mine's gold activities on its immediate environment. Ingestion of these foods would lead to serious health consequences for local populations.
Abstract: The term cyanide refers to all the compounds producing the ─C≡N group. It comes from both anthropogenic and natural origins. Its presence in the environment is largely related to gold mining. Cyanide is very scary because of its toxicity causing very deadly environmental consequences. The objective of this work is to study the fate of cyanide and a...
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